Orthography - Revision history

Maia at 22:23, 26 August 2025

2025-08-26T22:23:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 26 August 2025
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	Written Paiute is not governed by an authoritative standards body, and as such, the orthography used by local communities and scholars to represent the language varies. I see these standards as falling into three major groups:		Written Paiute is not governed by an authoritative standards body, and as such, the orthography used by local communities and scholars to represent the language varies. I see these standards as falling into three major groups:

	* '''Linguistic''' orthographies that sacrifice aesthetics in order to faithfully transcribe the sounds recorded in fieldwork. These are common in Paiute grammars produced as doctoral theses, and in the ~~usages~~ examples within entries in the ''Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary''.		* '''Linguistic''' orthographies that sacrifice aesthetics in order to faithfully transcribe the sounds recorded in fieldwork. These are common in Paiute grammars produced as doctoral theses, and in the usage examples within entries in the ''Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary''.
	* '''Standard''' (for lack of a better term) orthography represents Paiute in a way that broadly aligns with the majority of languages using the Roman alphabet.		* '''Standard''' (for lack of a better term) orthography represents Paiute in a way that broadly aligns with the majority of languages using the Roman alphabet. ''Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary'' entry headings and the ''Northern Paiute Language Project'' "linguistic orthography" are examples of these.
	* '''Wycliffe''' orthography is designed to be convenient for English speakers, using only [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII] characters and vowel representations that match English orthography following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift Great Vowel Shift].		* '''Wycliffe''' orthography is designed to be convenient for English speakers, using only [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII] characters and vowel representations that match English orthography following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift Great Vowel Shift].

	~~Pyramid Lake uses the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a~~ "standard" orthography ~~to be~~ most convenient for my own reading and ~~for referencing the dictionary~~, so I ~~primarily~~ use ~~such a system on this~~ site, ~~supplementing~~ with ~~Wycliffe where able~~.		A "standard" orthography is most convenient for my own reading and reference (particularly looking up words in NP-B), so I use one across the site. This orthography is functionally equivalent to the one in NP-B while making some adjustments for aesthetics, clarity, and ease of use. I use NP-B entry headings as the authoritative source for spelling, and when multiple spellings are listed, I use the one that aligns with Pyramid Lake pronunciation received in class.

	~~My "~~standard~~" orthography diverges slightly~~ from ~~some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This~~ is ~~most obvious in the representation of phonemes like ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts''~~ with ~~a single glyph~~, as ~~I find it helpful to represent each phoneme with a single glyph~~.		Pyramid Lake and the UNR course taught to its standard use Wycliffe. Material on this site from that course is provided with accompanying Wycliffe representations, as given.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
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	\| ae		\| ae
	\| [e]		\| [e]
	\| Pyramid Lake features an [e] where other dialects have [ai], and its Wycliffe system reflects that with ''ae''. I use a circumflex as a mnemonic to remember to pronounce [e] ~~without diverging from~~ dictionary spelling.		\| Pyramid Lake features an [e] where other dialects have [ai], and its Wycliffe system reflects that with '''ae'''. I use a circumflex as a mnemonic to remember to pronounce [e] while remaining faithful to dictionary spelling.
	\|-		\|-
	! b		! b
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	\| gw		\| gw
	\| [gʷ], [ɣʷ]		\| [gʷ], [ɣʷ]
	\|		\| See '''ķ'''.
	\|-		\|-
	! h		! h
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	\| kw		\| kw
	\| [kʷ]		\| [kʷ]
			\| This is an unusual choice, as all other Paiute orthographies use ''kw'', but I consider it a helpful reminder that this is a distinct phoneme and not a consonant cluster.
	\|-		\|-
	! m		! m
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	\| ts, tz		\| ts, tz
	\| [ts]		\| [ts]
	\| NP-B ~~example transcriptions~~ have ''c'' for [ts], but the entry heading orthography is ''ts''.		\| NP-B usage examples have '''c''' for [ts], but the entry heading orthography is '''ts'''. I like '''c''' because it isn't used otherwise and keeps each phoneme corresponding to a single glyph.
	\|-		\|-
	! ç		! ç
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	\| dy		\| dy
	\| [tʃ]		\| [tʃ]
			\| Another unusual choice (NP-B usage examples and Thornes use '''č''' instead), but I like the cedilla for visual consistency with '''ķ'''.
	\|-		\|-
	! u		! u

Maia at 04:17, 21 August 2025

2025-08-21T04:17:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:17, 21 August 2025
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	* '''Wycliffe''' orthography is designed to be convenient for English speakers, using only [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII] characters and vowel representations that match English orthography following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift Great Vowel Shift].		* '''Wycliffe''' orthography is designed to be convenient for English speakers, using only [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII] characters and vowel representations that match English orthography following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift Great Vowel Shift].

	Pyramid Lake ~~has standardized on~~ the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.		Pyramid Lake uses the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.

	My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This is most obvious in the representation of phonemes like ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts'' with a single glyph, as I find it helpful to ~~avoid digraphs~~.		My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This is most obvious in the representation of phonemes like ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts'' with a single glyph, as I find it helpful to represent each phoneme with a single glyph.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"

Maia at 07:11, 11 February 2025

2025-02-11T07:11:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 11 February 2025
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	Pyramid Lake has standardized on the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.		Pyramid Lake has standardized on the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.

	My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This is most obvious in the representation of ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts'' with a single glyph, as I find it helpful to avoid digraphs.		My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This is most obvious in the representation of phonemes like ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts'' with a single glyph, as I find it helpful to avoid digraphs.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"

Maia at 07:10, 11 February 2025

2025-02-11T07:10:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:10, 11 February 2025
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	Pyramid Lake has standardized on the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.		Pyramid Lake has standardized on the Wycliffe system, and the course material represented in this site is provided in Wycliffe. I find a "standard" orthography to be most convenient for my own reading and for referencing the dictionary, so I primarily use such a system on this site, supplementing with Wycliffe where able.

	My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics.		My "standard" orthography diverges slightly from some others for the sake of convenience and typographic aesthetics. This is most obvious in the representation of ''kw'', ''ng'' and ''ts'' with a single glyph, as I find it helpful to avoid digraphs.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
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	\| tz		\| tz
	\| [dz]		\| [dz]
	\| The difference between ''dz'' and ''z'' is a little murky, at least in Pyramid Lake dialect, which ~~represents~~ both as ''tz'' in Wycliffe.. I generally follow the NP-B spelling while pronouncing words as heard spoken.		\| The difference between ''dz'' and ''z'' is a little murky, at least in Pyramid Lake dialect, which tends to represent both as ''tz'' in Wycliffe. I generally follow the NP-B spelling while pronouncing words as heard spoken.
	\|-		\|-
	! g		! g
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	\| g		\| g
	\| [g], [ɣ]		\| [g], [ɣ]
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	! gw		! ģ
	\| gw		\| gw
	\| gw		\| gw
	\| gw		\| gw
	\| [gʷ], [ɣʷ]		\| [gʷ], [ɣʷ]
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	! h		! h
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	\| '		\| '
	\| [ʔ]		\| [ʔ]
	\| I use a "modifier letter turned comma" character like the Hawaiian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkina ʻokina] because ~~it looks good and~~ the ~~meaning~~ is ~~obvious~~.		\| I use a "modifier letter turned comma" character like the Hawaiian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkina ʻokina] because the typography is aesthetically pleasing, and it avoids glottal stops being misidentified as word boundaries by software when working with text on a computer.
	\|-		\|-
	! i		! i
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	\| [k], [x]		\| [k], [x]
	\|-		\|-
	! kw		! ķ
	\| kw		\| kw
	\| kw		\| kw
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	\| ng		\| ng
	\| [ŋ]		\| [ŋ]
	\| ~~Nobody else uses ''ŋ'' for Paiute, but it's an easy way out of using a digraph, and a helpful reminder that this is a single phoneme. Lots of people mispronounce Wycliffe~~ ''ng'' as [ŋg].		\| Pronouncing ''ng'' as [ŋg] instead of [ŋ] is a common error for English speakers!
	\|-		\|-
	! o		! o
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	\| ts, tz		\| ts, tz
	\| [ts]		\| [ts]
	\| NP-B example transcriptions have ''c'' for [ts], but the entry heading orthography is ''ts''. ~~It's clear and orderly, and has a nearby precedent in Washo, so why not use it?~~		\| NP-B example transcriptions have ''c'' for [ts], but the entry heading orthography is ''ts''.
	\|-		\|-
	! č		! ç
	\| ch		\| ch
	\| dd		\| dd
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	\| u		\| u
	\| [ɨ]		\| [ɨ]
			\| I was tempted to use '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotless_I ı]''', but it would require retooling capital letters and may look odd or confuse people. NPLP "linguistic orthography" and some other sources use '''ü''' for this phoneme, so it is not without precedent.
	\|-		\|-
	! üü		! üü
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	\| u		\| u
	\| [ɨ:]		\| [ɨ:]
	\| ~~I was tempted to use '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotless_I ı]''', but it would require retooling capital letters and likely confuse people.~~		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! w		! w
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	\| tz		\| tz
	\| [z]		\| [z]
	\| Tends to sound the same as ''dz'' or ''tz'' in Pyramid Lake dialect.		\| Tends to sound the same as '''dz''' or Wycliffe ''tz'' in Pyramid Lake dialect.
	\|}		\|}

Maia at 08:28, 7 February 2025

2025-02-07T08:28:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 7 February 2025
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	\| ng		\| ng
	\| [ŋ]		\| [ŋ]
			\| Nobody else uses ''ŋ'' for Paiute, but it's an easy way out of using a digraph, and a helpful reminder that this is a single phoneme. Lots of people mispronounce Wycliffe ''ng'' as [ŋg].
	\|-		\|-
	! o		! o
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	\| ts, tz		\| ts, tz
	\| [ts]		\| [ts]
			\| NP-B example transcriptions have ''c'' for [ts], but the entry heading orthography is ''ts''. It's clear and orderly, and has a nearby precedent in Washo, so why not use it?
	\|-		\|-
	! č		! č
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	\| u		\| u
	\| [ɨ:]		\| [ɨ:]
			\| I was tempted to use '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotless_I ı]''', but it would require retooling capital letters and likely confuse people.
	\|-		\|-
	! w		! w

Maia at 08:16, 7 February 2025

2025-02-07T08:16:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 7 February 2025
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	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	\|-		\|-
	! This site \|\| NP-B \|\| NPLP \|\| Wycliffe \|\| IPA		! This site \|\| NP-B \|\| NPLP \|\| Wycliffe \|\| IPA \|\| Notes
	\|-		\|-
	! a		! a
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	\| a		\| a
	\| [a]		\| [a]
			\|-
			! âi
			\| ai
			\| ai
			\| ae
			\| [e]
			\| Pyramid Lake features an [e] where other dialects have [ai], and its Wycliffe system reflects that with ''ae''. I use a circumflex as a mnemonic to remember to pronounce [e] without diverging from dictionary spelling.
	\|-		\|-
	! b		! b
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	\| tz		\| tz
	\| [dz]		\| [dz]
			\| The difference between ''dz'' and ''z'' is a little murky, at least in Pyramid Lake dialect, which represents both as ''tz'' in Wycliffe.. I generally follow the NP-B spelling while pronouncing words as heard spoken.
	\|-		\|-
	! g		! g
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	\| '		\| '
	\| [ʔ]		\| [ʔ]
			\| I use a "modifier letter turned comma" character like the Hawaiian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkina ʻokina] because it looks good and the meaning is obvious.
	\|-		\|-
	! i		! i
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	\| oo		\| oo
	\| [u]		\| [u]
			\| In Wycliffe, [uʔu] (at least word-finally) is represented as ''oo'o''.
	\|-		\|-
	! uu		! uu
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	\| oo		\| oo
	\| [u:]		\| [u:]
			\| Difficulty representing [u:] is a weakness of Wycliffe.
	\|-		\|-
	! ü		! ü
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	\| tz		\| tz
	\| [z]		\| [z]
			\| Tends to sound the same as ''dz'' or ''tz'' in Pyramid Lake dialect.
	\|}		\|}

Maia at 08:05, 7 February 2025

2025-02-07T08:05:15Z

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Maia: Created page with "Written Paiute is not governed by an authoritative standards body, and as such reservations and scholars employ a number of standards. [descriptions and chart]"

2025-01-25T09:49:38Z

Created page with "Written Paiute is not governed by an authoritative standards body, and as such reservations and scholars employ a number of standards. [descriptions and chart]"

New page

Written Paiute is not governed by an authoritative standards body, and as such reservations and scholars employ a number of standards.

[descriptions and chart]